Led-based light fixture

ABSTRACT

An illumination system is disclosed that is arranged to compensate for variations in brightness between different LEDs in the system. The system may include an array of LEDs coupled to a light guide that is provided with a plurality of light extraction patterns. Each light extraction pattern may include a plurality of light extraction features. The light extraction patterns may differ from one another in the density of the features. Light extraction patterns having a greater density may be combined with LEDs in the array that are less bright, whereas light extraction patterns having a lower feature density may be combined with LEDs in the array that are brighter.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.62/433,583 filed on Dec. 13, 2016, the contents of which are herebyincorporated by reference herein as if fully set forth.

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present disclosure relates to light emitting devices in general, andmore particularly, to an LED-based light fixture.

BACKGROUND

Light emitting diodes (“LEDs”) can be used as light sources in variousapplications. LEDs are more energy-efficient than traditional lightsources, providing much higher energy conversion efficiency thanincandescent lamps and fluorescent light, for example. Furthermore, LEDsradiate less heat into illuminated regions and afford a greater breadthof control over brightness, emission color and spectrum than traditionallight sources. These characteristics make LEDs an excellent choice forvarious lighting applications. Accordingly, the need exists for improvedlight fixture designs that are adapted to use LEDs as their primarylight source.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure addresses this need. According to aspects of thedisclosure, an illumination system is provided, comprising: a drivercircuit including a plurality of tap points, the driver circuit beingconfigured to produce a cyclical waveform and switch the tap points onand off in sequence during each cycle of the waveform; a light guidehaving a light emitting surface, the light emitting surface having aplurality of portions, each portion having a different light extractionpattern formed thereon, each light extraction pattern including adifferent plurality of light extraction features, and each lightextraction pattern having a different light extraction feature density;and a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs), each LED beingelectrically coupled to a different respective one of the plurality oftap points and coupled to a different respective one of the plurality ofportions of the light guide, such that a length of a period for whichthe LED is powered on during each cycle of the waveform is inverselyproportional to the light extraction feature density of the respectiveportion's light extraction pattern.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The drawings described below are for illustration purposes only. Thedrawings are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.Like reference characters shown in the figures designate the same partsin the various embodiments.

FIG. 1A is a diagram of an example of a driver circuit, according to theprior art;

FIG. 1B is a graph illustrating the cycle of a waveform produced by thedriver circuit of FIG. 1A, according to the prior art;

FIG. 1C is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of the circuitof FIG. 1A, according to the prior art;

FIG. 2A is a diagram of an example of an LED strip, according to theprior art;

FIG. 2B is a diagram of an example of a light fixture utilizing the LEDstrip of FIG. 2A, according to the prior art;

FIG. 2C is diagram illustrating the appearance of the light fixture ofFIG. 2A after the light fixture of FIG. 2A is turned on, according tothe prior art;

FIG. 3A is a diagram of an example of a light fixture, according toaspects of the disclosure;

FIG. 3B is a diagram illustrating an example of a plurality of lightextraction patterns that is formed on the light fixture of FIG. 3A,according to aspects of the disclosure,

FIG. 3C is diagram illustrating the appearance of the light fixture ofFIG. 3A after the light fixture of FIG. 3A is turned on, according toaspects of the disclosure;

FIG. 4A is a diagram of an example of a light fixture, according toaspects of the disclosure,

FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating an example of an LED strip that isused in the light fixture of FIG. 4A, according to aspects of thedisclosure;

FIG. 4C is diagram illustrating the appearance of the light fixture ofFIG. 4A after the light fixture of FIG. 4A is turned on, according toaspects of the disclosure;

FIG. 5A is a diagram of an example of a light fixture, according toaspects of the disclosure;

FIG. 5B is a diagram illustrating an example of an LED strip that isused in the light fixture of FIG. 5A, according to aspects of thedisclosure;

FIG. 5C is diagram illustrating the appearance of the light fixture ofFIG. 5A after the light fixture of FIG. 5A is turned on, according toaspects of the disclosure;

FIG. 6A is a diagram of an example of a light fixture, according toaspects of the disclosure;

FIG. 6B is a diagram illustrating an example of an LED strip that isused in the light fixture of FIG. 6A, according to aspects of thedisclosure;

FIG. 6C is diagram illustrating the appearance of the light fixture ofFIG. 6A after the light fixture of FIG. 6A is turned on, according toaspects of the disclosure;

FIG. 7A is a diagram of an example of a light fixture, according toaspects of the disclosure;

FIG. 7B is a diagram illustrating an example of an LED strip that isused in the light fixture of FIG. 7A, according to aspects of thedisclosure;

FIG. 8A is a diagram of an example of a light fixture, according toaspects of the disclosure,

FIG. 8B is a diagram illustrating an example of an LED strip that isused in the light fixture of FIG. 8A, according to aspects of thedisclosure;

FIG. 9A is a diagram of an example of a light fixture, according toaspects of the disclosure; and

FIG. 9B is a diagram illustrating an example of an LED strip that isused in the light fixture of FIG. 9A, according to aspects of thedisclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure provides various light fixture designs that areadapted to use LEDs as their primary source. These designs includevarious improvements for balancing out variations in brightness betweenthe LEDs in a light fixture that uses a tapped linear driver to powerthe LEDs. The improvements may be needed because when a tapped lineardriver is used to power the LEDs in a light fixture, the light output ofthe light fixture may have a non-uniform brightness for reasons that areinherent in the operation of tapped linear drivers.

According to aspects of the disclosure, an improved light fixture isdisclosed that is arranged to compensate for variations in brightnessbetween different LEDs in the light fixture, which may result when atapped linear driver is used. The light fixture may include an array ofLEDs coupled to a light guide that is provided with a plurality of lightextraction patterns. Each light extraction pattern may include aplurality of light extraction features. The light extraction patternsmay differ from one another in the density of the features. Lightextraction patterns having a greater density may be combined with LEDsin the array that are less bright, whereas light extraction patternshaving a lower feature density may be combined with LEDs in the arraythat are brighter. As a result, the higher brightness of some LEDs inthe array may be balanced out by the lower density of the LEDs'respective light extraction pattern, resulting in a more uniformbrightness across the light fixture.

As further discussed below, the balancing out of the variations inbrightness is possible because the density of light extraction featuresin the light extraction patterns determines the rate at which light isextracted by them. Thus, combining brighter LEDs with sparser lightextraction patterns, may cause less light from the brighter LEDs to beextracted out of the light fixture. Conversely, combining dimmer LEDswith denser light extraction patterns may cause a larger amount of thelight produced the dimmer LEDs to be extracted out of the light fixture.Accordingly, the use of light extraction patterns of variable lightextraction feature density may effectively cause the LEDs in the lightfixture to appear as having substantially the same brightness when thelight fixture is viewed from a distance.

According to aspects of the disclosure, an improved light fixture isdisclosed that is arranged to compensate for variations in brightnessbetween different LEDs in the light fixture. The LEDs in the lightfixture may be coupled to a light guide and arranged in groups that mayhave the same or similar average brightness. Each group may include oneLED having a higher brightness, and another LED having a lowerbrightness. The LEDs in each group may be co-located and coupled to thesame portion of the light guide. As a result, the light outputs of theLEDs in any given group may be mixed with one another, making thedifferences in brightness between the LEDs in the group less perceptiblefrom a distance.

According to aspects of the disclosure, an illumination system isdisclosed, comprising: a light guide; a driver circuit including aplurality of tap points, the driver circuit being configured to producea cyclical waveform and switch the tap points on and off in sequenceduring each cycle of the waveform, and a plurality of first lightemitting diode (LED) groups that are coupled to the light guide and havea same average on-time, each of the first LED groups including arespective first LED and a respective second LED that are disposedadjacently to one another and coupled to different tap points of thedriver circuit, the first LED in any given first LED group being coupledin series with one or more other first LEDs that are part of other firstLED groups, and the second LED in any given first LED group beingcoupled in series with one or more other second LEDs that are part ofother first LED groups.

According to aspects of the disclosure, an illumination system isdisclosed, comprising: a light guide having a plurality of portions; adriver circuit including a plurality of tap points, the driver circuitbeing configured to produce a cyclical waveform and switch the tappoints on and off in sequence during each cycle of the waveform; aplurality of first LEDs coupled in series, each first LED being coupledto a different tap point of the light guide, and each first LED beingcoupled to a different portion of the light guide, such that eachportion of the light guide is coupled to a different respective firstLED; a plurality of second LEDs coupled in series, each second LED beingcoupled to a different tap point of the light guide, and each second LEDbeing coupled to a different portion of the light guide, such that eachportion of the light guide is also coupled to a different respectivesecond LED, and an average on-time of all LEDs that are coupled to anygiven portion of the light guide is substantially the same.

Examples of different lighting systems will be described more fullyhereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. These examplesare not mutually exclusive, and features found in one example can becombined with features found in one or more other examples to achieveadditional implementations. Accordingly, it will be understood that theexamples shown in the accompanying drawings are provided forillustrative purposes only and they are not intended to limit thedisclosure in any way. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.

It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. maybe used herein to describe various elements, these elements should notbe limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish oneelement from another. For example, a first element could be termed asecond element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a firstelement, without departing from the scope of the present invention. Asused herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of oneor more of the associated listed items.

It will be understood that when an element such as a layer, region orsubstrate is referred to as being “on” or extending “onto” anotherelement, it can be directly on or extend directly onto the other elementor intervening elements may also be present. In contrast, when anelement is referred to as being “directly on” or extending “directlyonto” another element, there are no intervening elements present. Itwill also be understood that when an element is referred to as being“connected” or “coupled” to another element, it can be directlyconnected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may bepresent. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directlyconnected” or “directly coupled” to another element, there are nointervening elements present. It will be understood that these terms areintended to encompass different orientations of the element in additionto any orientation depicted in the figures.

Relative terms such as “below” or “above” or “upper” or “lower” or“horizontal” or “vertical” may be used herein to describe a relationshipof one element, layer or region to another element, layer or region asillustrated in the figures. It will be understood that these terms areintended to encompass different orientations of the device in additionto the orientation depicted in the figures.

FIG. 1A is a diagram of a driver circuit 100 in which a linear driver 14is used to drive a serial array of LEDs 16A-D. As shown, an AC mainsvoltage 10, such as 120 volts (V) root mean square (RMS) at 60 Hz, maybe rectified by a full bridge rectifier 12 to produce a cyclicalwaveform 50. The cyclical waveform 50 may then be fed to the input ofthe linear driver 14. The linear driver 14 may include tap points 19A,19B, 19C, and 19D. The LED array 16 may include groups 16A, 16B, 16C,and 16D. Each one of the groups 16A-D may include any number of LEDs(e.g., 6 LEDs). The LEDs in group 16A may be connected to the lineardriver 14 via the tap point 19A. The LEDs in group 16B may be connectedto the linear driver 14 via the tap point 19B. The LEDs in group 16C maybe connected to the linear driver 14 via the tap point 19C. And the LEDsin group 16D may be connected to the linear driver 14 via the tap point19D.

The LEDs in the LED array 16 may be coupled to the driver circuit 100,in accordance with the topology shown in FIG. 1A. As illustrated, theLEDs in the LED array 16 may be arranged in groups 16A-D. The LEDs ineach of groups 16A-D may be connected in series to one another.Furthermore, the groups may be connected in series, as well. Forexample, group 16A and group 16B may both be coupled to a node 20A whichis located downstream from group 16A and upstream from group 16B. Group16B and group 16C may both be coupled to a node 20B which is locateddownstream from group 16B and upstream from group 16C. Group 16C andgroup 16D may both be coupled to a node 20C which is located downstreamfrom group 16C and upstream from group 16D Group 16D may also be coupledto a node 20D, which is located downstream from group 16D.

Moreover, according to the topology shown in FIG. 1A, each of nodes20A-20B may be coupled to a different one of the tap points 19A-D. Moreparticularly, node 20A may be coupled to the tap point 19A via anelectrical path 21A. Node 20B may be coupled to the tap point 19B via anelectrical path 21B. Node 20C may be coupled to the tap point 19C via anelectrical path 21C. And node 20D may be coupled to the tap point 19Dvia an electrical path 21D. By way of example, in some implementations,the paths 21A-D may be completely disjoint. Additionally oralternatively, in some implementations, the paths 21A-D may be parallelto one another.

Each of the tap points 19A-D may be coupled to a current source 20. Eachof the tap points may be also coupled to a different one of switches18A-D. Each of the tap points 18A-D may be switched on and off using thetap point's respective switch. For example, the tap point 19A may becoupled to a switch 18A. When the switch 18A is closed, the tap point19A may be said to be switched on, and when the switch 18A is opened,the tap point 19A may be said to be switched off. As another example,the tap point 19B may be coupled to a switch 18B. When the switch 18B isclosed, the tap point 19B may be said to be switched on, and when theswitch 18B is opened, the tap point 19B may be said to be switched off.As yet another example, the tap point 19C may be coupled to a switch18C. When the switch 18C is closed, the tap point 19C may be said to beswitched on, and when the switch 18C is opened, the tap point 19C may besaid to be switched off. As yet another example, the tap point 19D maybe coupled to a switch 18D. When the switch 18D is closed, the tap point19D may be said to be switched on, and when the switch 18D is opened,the tap point 19D may be said to be switched off.

According to aspects of the disclosure, the driver circuit 100 may beconfigured to switch the tap points 19A-B on and off in sequence duringeach cycle of the waveform 50. More particularly, the driver circuit 100may include control circuitry (not shown) that is arranged to open andclose the switches 18A-D in sequence during each cycle 51 of thewaveform 50 produced by the rectifier 12. A graph of the cycle 51 of thewaveform 50 is shown in FIG. 1B. As illustrated, in each cycle, thevoltage output by the rectifier 12 varies between 0V and 170V. At thestart of the cycle, when the voltage is between 0V and 34V, all switches18A-D may be open. Near the start of a cycle, when the voltage is fairlylow (between 34V-68V), the switch 18A may be closed (by using acomparator (not shown) that is part of the circuit 100) to only couplethe LEDs in group 16A to the current source 20. When the voltage risesabove 68V, the switch 18B may be closed and the switch 18A may be openedto couple the first and second groups of LEDs 16A and 16B to the currentsource 20. When the voltage rises above 102V, the switch 18C may beclosed and the switch 18B may be opened to couple three groups of LEDs16A-16C to the current source 20. And when the voltage rises above 136V,the switch 18D may be closed and the switch 18C may be opened to coupleall four groups of LEDs 16A-16D to the current source 20. The sequencerepeats in the reverse direction as the voltage goes back to zero.

As a result of the switches 18A-D being closed in a sequence, each ofthe LED groups 16A-D may have a different on-time. The term “on-time,”as used throughout the present disclosure, shall refer to the durationfor which an LED or a group of LEDs is energized (and/or supplied withpower) during each cycle of the waveform 50. In the present example, theon-time of each of the LED groups 16A-D is measured as a percentage ofthe total duration of each cycle of the waveform 50. As illustrated inFIG. 1C, the LEDs in group 16A may have an on-time of 80%. The LEDs ingroup 16B may have an on-time of 60%. The LEDs in group 16C may have anon-time of 40%. And the LEDs in group 16D may have an on-time of 20%.

As a result of the LED groups 16A-D having different respectiveon-times, the respective light output of each of the groups 16A-D mayhave a different brightness. As discussed above, group 16A may have anon-time of 80% and it may have the highest brightness among groups16A-D, as a result. Group 16B may have an on-time of 60% and it may havethe second highest brightness among groups 16A-D. Group 16C may have anon-time of 40% and it may have the third highest brightness among groups16A-D. And group 16D may have an on-time of 20% and it may have thelowest brightness among groups 16A-D.

FIG. 2A is a diagram of an LED strip 29 including the LED array 16. Asillustrated, the LEDs in the LED array 16 may be arranged along thelength of the LED strip 29. Each of the groups 16A-D may be arranged ina separate section of the LED strip 29 as shown. FIG. 28 is a diagram ofa light fixture 200 including the driver circuit 100, a light guide 30,and the LED strip 29. The LED strip 29 may be coupled to driver circuit100, such that each of the LED groups 16A-D is electrically connected toa different one of the tap points 19A-D, in the manner illustrated inFIG. 1A. The light guide 30 may include a slate of light-transmissivematerial (e.g., plastic or glass) and it may be shaped as a disk. Thelight guide 30 may include quadrants 32, 34, 36, and 38. The LED strip29 may be edge-coupled to the light guide 30, as shown. Moreparticularly, the LED strip 29 may be disposed adjacently to the outeredge of the light guide 30, such that at least some of the light emittedby the LEDs in the LED array 16 is injected into the light guide throughits outer edge. In the present example, the LEDs from group 16A aredisposed adjacently to quadrant 32, the LEDs from group 16B are disposedadjacently to quadrant 34, the LEDs from group 16C are disposedadjacently to quadrant 36, and the LEDs from group 16D are disposedadjacently to quadrant 38.

FIG. 2C is a diagram illustrating the light fixture 200, after the lightfixture is turned on. As noted above, each of the LED groups 16A-D maybe coupled to a different tap point of the driver circuit 100, and itmay have a different brightness. As a result, when the light fixture 200is switched on, it may produce a non-uniform light output. For example,quadrant 32 may appear the brightest, quadrant 34 may appear the secondbrightest, quadrant 36 may appear the third brightest, and quadrant 38may appear the least bright. Such lack of uniformity in the light outputis undesirable, as many users may find it to be aestheticallyunappealing when viewed from a distance.

FIG. 3A is a diagram of a light fixture 300 including the driver circuit100, a light guide 310, and the LED strip 29. In the present example,the LED strip 29 may be connected to the driver circuit 100 in themanner discussed with respect to FIGS. 1A-2C. Furthermore, in thepresent example, each of the LED groups 16A-D may be edge-coupled to adifferent quadrant of the light guide 310. For instance, the LEDs fromgroup 16A may be edge-coupled to a quadrant 312 of the light guide 310.The LEDs from group 16B may be edge-coupled to a quadrant 314 of thelight guide 310. The LEDs from group 16C may be edge-coupled to aquadrant 316 of the light guide 310. And the LEDs from group 16D may beedge-coupled to a quadrant 318 of the light guide 310. According to thepresent example, the light guide 310 may be shaped as a disk, and eachof the quadrants 312-318 may be shaped as a circular sector enclosed bytwo radii of the disk and a corresponding portion of the outer edge ofthe disk that extends between the two radii.

According to aspects of the disclosure, each of the quadrants 312-318may be provided with a different one of light-extraction patterns322-328. For example, the quadrant 312 may be provided with the lightextraction pattern 322. The quadrant 314 may be provided with a lightextraction pattern 324. The quadrant 316 may be provided with a lightextraction pattern 326. And the quadrant 318 may be provided with alight extraction pattern 328.

FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram illustrating the light extractionpatterns 322-328 in further detail. As shown, each of the lightextraction patterns 322-328 may include a different plurality of lightextraction features 330. By way of example, any of the light extractionfeatures 330 may include a printed element or a molded element. Aprinted element may include a dot or another suitable shape that isprinted on the surface of the light guide 310. A molded element mayinclude a prism or another suitable shape that is molded on the surfaceof the light guide 310.

The light-extraction patterns 322-328 may differ from one another in thedensity of light extraction features 330 that form each of them. Forexample, the light extraction pattern 322 may have the lowest density oflight extraction features 330. The light extraction pattern 324 may havethe second lowest density of light extraction features 330. The lightextraction pattern 326 may have the third lowest density of lightextraction features 330. And the light extraction pattern 328 may havethe highest density of light extraction features 330. As used throughoutthe disclosure, the phrase “density of a light extraction pattern” shallrefer to a count of light extraction features that form the lightextraction pattern per unit area (e.g., cm²).

According to aspects of the disclosure, the density of the lightextraction pattern that is provided on each of the quadrants 312-318 maybe inversely proportional to the brightness of the LED group that isedge-coupled to that quadrant. For example, the quadrant 312, which isedge-coupled with the brightest group of LEDs (i.e., group 16A), may beprovided with the light extraction pattern having the lowest density oflight extraction features 330 (i.e., light extraction pattern 322). Asanother example, the quadrant 314, which is edge-coupled with the secondbrightest group of LEDs (i.e., group 16B), may be provided with thelight extraction pattern having the second lowest density of lightextraction features 330 (i.e., light extraction pattern 324). As yetanother example, the quadrant 316, which is edge-coupled with the thirdbrightest group of LEDs (i.e., group 16C), may be provided with thelight extraction pattern having the third lowest density of lightextraction features 330 (i.e., light extraction pattern 326). As yetanother example, the quadrant 318, which is edge-coupled with the leastbright group of LEDs (i.e., group 16D), may be provided with the lightextraction pattern having the highest density of light extractionfeatures 330 (i.e., light extraction pattern 328).

FIG. 3C is a diagram illustrating the operation of the light fixture 300after light fixture is turned on. As illustrated in 3C, as a result ofutilizing light extraction patters 322-328, the light fixture 300 isable to produce a substantially uniform light output. Put differently,FIG. 3C illustrates that the light extraction patterns 322-328 may beconfigured to even out (e.g., eliminate or reduce, etc.) the differencesin brightness of the light output by the LED groups 16A-D. As a result,the quadrants 312-318 may appear to have the same or similar brightness.More particularly, the difference in brightness of the light exitingquadrants 312 and 314 of the light guide 310 may lower than if the lightextraction patterns 322 and 324 were not formed onto the quadrants 312and 314. As another example, the difference in brightness of the lightexiting quadrants 312 and 318 of the light guide 310 may be lower thanif the light extraction patterns 322 and 328 were not formed onto thequadrants 312 and 318.

Although in the example of FIG. 3-C the light guide 310 is disk-shaped,alternative implementations are possible in which the light guide 310has another shape. For example, the light guide 310 may be shaped as arectangle, a ring, a rhombus, a trapezoid, a polygon, etc. Furthermore,although in the example of FIGS. 3A-C quadrant 312-318 is shaped as acircular sector, alternative implementations are possible in which anyof the quadrants 312-318 has another shape, such as a rectangular shape,a trapezoidal shape, a rhomboid shape, a polygonal shape, etc. Thepresent disclosure is thus not limited to any particular shape for thelight guide 310. Furthermore, the present disclosure is not limited toany particular shape and/or position (within the light guide 310) of thequadrants 312-318. Furthermore, although in the example of FIGS. 3A-Cthe LEDs are coupled to the light guide 310 from all sides (e.g., aroundthe entire circumference of the light guide 310), alternativeimplementations are possible in which the LEDs are coupled to at leastone and fewer than all sides of the light guide 310 (e.g., coupled toonly two sides of a rectangular-shaped light guide or coupled to half ofthe perimeter of a disk-shaped light guide).

Furthermore, although in the example of FIGS. 3A-C the LEDs areedge-coupled to the light guide 310, alternative implementations arepossible in which one or more of the LEDs are in-coupled to the lightguide 310. When an LED is in-coupled to the light guide 310, that LEDmay be situated in a hole (e.g., a blind hole or a through hole) that isformed in a main surface of the light guide, such that light emittedfrom the LED enters the light guide through the walls of the hole. Themain surface of the light guide 310 may be the surface on which thelight extraction patterns are formed and/or a surface that is oppositeto the surface on which the light extraction patterns are formed. Forexample, in some implementations, when an LED is in-coupled to a givenquadrant of a main surface of the light guide 310 (e.g., quadrant 312),that LED may be positioned in a hole that is formed in that quadrant.Additionally or alternatively, when the LEDs in the light fixture 300are in-coupled to the light guide 310, the LEDs may be concentrated in aparticular portion of the light guide 310 or distributed uniformlyacross the main surface of the light guide 310. Furthermore, in someimplementations, one or more of the LEDs in the light fixture 300 may besituated above or below the light guide 310. Stated succinctly, thepresent disclosure is not limited to any type of coupling between thelight guide 310 and the LEDs in the light fixture 300.

Furthermore, although in the example of FIGS. 3A-C the LEDs from groups16A-D are mounted on a flexible board (i.e., the LED strip 29),alternative implementations are possible in which the LEDs are mountedon a rigid board. Additionally or alternatively, further implementationsare possible in which some of the LEDs in the light fixture 300 arecoupled to a flexible board (e.g., an LED strip) while the rest iscoupled to a rigid board. Additionally or alternatively, inimplementations in which the LEDs are in-coupled to the light guide 310,the LED's may be mounted on an in-plane rigid board together with thedriver circuit 100. In such instances, the rigid board may be arrangedabove or below the light guide 310, and it may have the ability tocreate better thermals and light output uniformity. In someimplementations, the in-plane rigid board may be parallel to the lightguide's 310 main surfaces.

FIG. 4A is a diagram of an example of a light fixture 400, according toaspects of the disclosure. The light fixture 400 may include an LEDstrip 410 that is edge-coupled to a light guide 420, as shown. The lightfixture 400 may be electrically coupled to the driver circuit 100 (shownin FIG. 1). The driver circuit 100 may be integrated into the lightfixture 400 or provided separately.

FIG. 4B shows the LED strip 410 in further detail. As illustrated, theLED strip 410 may include a plurality of LEDs 412. The LEDs 412 may bearranged in four groups, herein referred to as a “Group 1”, “Group 2”,“Group 3”, and “Group 4.” According to FIG. 4B, the group to which eachof the LEDs 412 belongs is denoted by the numerical identifier that ispresent inside the depiction of that LED 412.

The LEDs 412 may be coupled to the driver circuit 100, in accordancewith the topology shown in FIG. 1A. More particularly, the LEDs in eachof Groups 1-4 may be connected in series to one another. Furthermore,Groups 1-4 may be connected to one another in series, as well. Forexample, Group 1 and Group 2 may both be coupled to a first node whichis located downstream from Group 1 and upstream from Group 2. Group 2and Group 3 may both be coupled to a second node which is locateddownstream from Group 2 and upstream from Group 3. Group 3 and Group 4may both be coupled to a third node which is located downstream fromGroup 3 and upstream from Group 4. Group 4 may also be coupled to afourth node that is located downstream from Group 4.

Moreover, according to the topology shown in FIG. 1A, each of the nodes20A-20B may be coupled to a different one of the tap points 19A-D. Moreparticularly, the first node may be coupled to the tap point 19A via afirst electrical path. The second node may be coupled to the tap point19B via a second electrical path. The third node may be coupled to thetap point 19C via a third electrical path. And the fourth node may becoupled to the tap point 19D via a fourth electrical path. By way ofexample, in some implementations, the first, second, third, and fourthelectrical paths may be completely disjoint. Additionally oralternatively, in some implementations, the first, second, third, andfourth electrical paths may be parallel to one another. Statedsuccinctly, in some implementations, Groups 1-4 may be connected todifferent respective tap points of the driver circuit 100 in the samemanner as groups 16A-D.

As noted above, in accordance with the example of FIG. 4A, the LEDs ineach of Groups 1-4 may be coupled to a different tap point of the drivercircuit 100. For example, the LEDs in Group 1 may be coupled to the tappoint 19A and they may have the longest on-time and highest brightness.The LEDs in Group 2 may be coupled to the tap point 19B and they mayhave the second longest on-time and the second highest brightness. TheLEDs in Group 3 may be coupled to the tap point 19C and they may havethe third longest on-time and the third highest brightness. The LEDs inGroup 4 may be coupled to the tap point 19D and they may have theshortest on-time and lowest brightness.

The LEDs in Groups 1-4 may have a different spatial distribution thanthe LEDs in groups 16A-D. As illustrated in FIG. 2A, the LEDs in each ofGroups 16A-B may be positioned next to each other. By contrast, asillustrated in FIG. 4B, the LEDs in Groups 1-4 may be interleaved withone another, such that each LED 412 (but for the first and last LEDs412) is situated between LEDs 412 from two different groups.

Returning to FIG. 4A, the light guide 420 may be divided into portions422-428, as shown. Each of the portions 422-428 may be provided with adifferent light extraction pattern. For example, each portion 422 may beprovided with a light extraction pattern 432 and edge-coupled with adifferent LED from Group 1. Each portion 424 may be provided with alight extraction pattern 434 and edge-coupled with a different LED fromGroup 2. Each portion 426 may be provided with a light extractionpattern 436 and edge-coupled with a different LED from Group 3. And eachportion 426 may be provided with a light extraction pattern 436 andedge-coupled with a different LED from Group 4. The light extractionpattern 432 may be the same or similar to the light extraction pattern322. The light extraction pattern 434 may be the same or similar to thelight extraction pattern 324. The light extraction pattern 436 may bethe same or similar to the light extraction pattern 326. And the lightextraction pattern 438 may be the same or similar to the lightextraction pattern 328.

The portions 422-428 are provided with different light extractionpatterns to compensate for differences in brightness between the LEDsfrom different groups. The light extraction patterns 432-438 may eachinclude a different plurality of light extraction features (not shown),as discussed with respect to FIGS. 3A-C. The light extraction patternsmay differ from one another in the density of their respective lightextraction features. More specifically, the light extraction pattern 432may have the lowest density of light extraction features among the lightextraction patterns 432-438. The light extraction pattern 434 may havethe second lowest density of light extraction features among the lightextraction patterns 432-438. The light extraction pattern 436 may havethe third lowest density of light extraction features among the lightextraction patterns 432-438. And, the light extraction pattern 438 mayhave the highest density of light extraction features among the lightextraction patterns 432-438.

According to aspects of the disclosure, the density of the lightextraction pattern that is provided on each of the portions 422-428 maybe inversely proportional to the brightness of the LED that isedge-coupled to that portion. For example, each portion 422, which maybe edge-coupled with an LED from the brightest group (i.e., Group 1),may be provided with the light extraction pattern having the lowestdensity of light extraction features (i.e., light extraction pattern432). As another example, each portion 424, which may be edge-coupledwith an LED from the second brightest group (i.e., Group 2), may beprovided with the light extraction pattern having the second lowestdensity of light extraction features (i.e., light extraction pattern434). As yet another example, each portion 426, which may beedge-coupled with an LED from the third brightest group (i.e., Group 3),may be provided with the light extraction pattern having the thirdlowest density of light extraction features (i.e., light extractionpattern 436). As yet another example, each portion 428, which may beedge-coupled with an LED from the least bright group (i.e., Group 4),may be provided with the light extraction pattern having the highestdensity of light extraction features (i.e., light extraction pattern438).

FIG. 4C is a diagram illustrating the operation of the light fixture 400after light fixture is turned on. As illustrated in FIG. 4C, as a resultof utilizing the light extraction patters 432-438, the light fixture 400may produce a substantially uniform light output. Put differently, FIG.4C illustrates that the light extraction patterns 432-438 may beconfigured to even out (e.g., eliminate and/or reduce) the differencesin brightness of the light output by the LED Groups 1-4. As a result,the portions 422-428 may appear to have the same or similar brightness.More particularly, the difference in brightness of the light exitingportions 422 and 424 of the light guide 420 may be lower than if thelight extraction patterns 432 and 434 were not formed onto the portions422 and 424. As another example, the difference in brightness of thelight exiting portions 422 and 428 of the light guide 420 may be lowerthan if the light extraction patterns 432 and 438 were not formed ontothe portions 422 and 428.

Although in the example of FIGS. 4A-C the light guide 420 isdisk-shaped, alternative implementations are possible in which the lightguide 420 has another shape. For example, the light guide 420 may beshaped as a rectangle, a ring, a rhombus, a trapezoid, a polygon, etc.Furthermore, although in the example of FIGS. 4A-C portion 422-428 isshaped as a circular sector, alternative implementations are possible inwhich any of the portions 422-428 has another shape, such as arectangular shape, a trapezoidal shape, a rhomboid shape, a polygonalshape, etc. The present disclosure is thus not limited to any particularshape for the light guide 420. Furthermore, the present disclosure isnot limited to any particular shape and/or position (within the lightguide 420) of the portions 422-428. Furthermore, although in the exampleof FIGS. 4A-C the LEDs are coupled to the light guide 420 from all sides(e.g., around the entire circumference of the light guide 420),alternative implementations are possible in which the LEDs are coupledto at least one and fewer than all sides of the light guide 420 (e.g.,coupled to only two sides of a rectangular-shaped light guide or coupledto half of the perimeter of a disk-shaped light guide).

Furthermore, although in the example of FIGS. 4A-C the LEDs areedge-coupled to the light guide 420, alternative implementations arepossible in which one or more of the LEDs are in-coupled to the lightguide 420. When an LED is in-coupled to the light guide 420, the LEDsmay be situated in a hole that is formed in the light guide 420, suchthat light emitted from the LEDs enters the light guide 420 through thewalls of the hole. The main surface of the light guide 420 may be thesurface on which the light extraction patterns are formed and/or asurface that is opposite to the surface on which the light extractionpatterns are formed. For example, in some implementations, when an LEDis in-coupled to a given portion of a main surface of the light guide420 (e.g., portion 422), that LED may be positioned in a hole that isformed in the portion. Additionally or alternatively, when the LEDs inthe light fixture 400 are in-coupled to the light guide 420, the LEDsmay be concentrated in a particular portion of the light guide 420 ordistributed uniformly across the main surface of the light guide 420.Furthermore, in some implementations, one or more of the LEDs in thelight fixture 400 may be situated above ore below the light guide 420.Stated succinctly, the present disclosure is not limited to any type ofcoupling between the light guide 420 and the LEDs in the light fixture400.

Furthermore, although in the example of FIGS. 4A-C the LEDs are mountedon a flexible board (i.e., the LED strip 410), alternativeimplementations are possible in which the LEDs are mounted on a rigidboard. Additionally or alternatively, further implementations arepossible in which some of the LEDs in the light fixture 400 are coupledto a flexible board (e.g., an LED strip) while the rest is coupled to arigid board. Additionally or alternatively, in implementations in whichthe LEDs are in-coupled to the light guide 420, the LED's may be mountedon an in-plane rigid board together with the driver circuit 100. In suchinstances, the rigid board may be arranged above or below the lightguide 420, and it may have the ability to create better thermals andlight output uniformity. In some implementations, the in-plane rigidboard may be parallel to the light guide's 420 main surfaces.

FIG. 5A is a diagram of an example of a light fixture 500, according toaspects of the disclosure. The light fixture 500 may include a lightguide 510 and an LED strip 520. The light guide 510 may be provided withthe same light extraction pattern across the entire surface of the lightguide 510. The LED strip 520 may be edge-coupled to the light guide 510.The LED strip 520 may be electrically coupled to the driver circuit 100(shown in FIG. 1). The driver circuit 100 may be integrated into thelight fixture 500 or provided separately.

FIG. 5B shows the LED strip 520 in further detail. As illustrated, theLED strip 520 may include an LED array 522 and an LED array 524. Each ofthe arrays 522 and 524 may include a plurality of LEDs 514. The LEDs 514in each one of the arrays 522 and 524 may be arranged in four groups,herein referred to as a “Group 1”, “Group 2”, “Group 3”, and “Group 4.”The group to which each of the LEDs 514 belongs is denoted in FIG. 58Bby the numerical identifier that is present inside the depiction of thatLED 514. The LEDs in each of the LED groups may be disposed adjacentlyto one another on the LED strip 520, as shown. Although in the presentexample, the LED arrays 522 and 524 are part of the same LED strip,alternative implementations are possible in which the LED arrays 522 and524 are part of two adjacent (and/or identical) LED strips.

Moreover, in some implementations, when the LED strip 520 is energized,current may flow through the LED arrays 522 and 524 in oppositedirections. For example, the current may flow through array 522 indirection D1 while flowing through array 524 in direction D2 that isopposite the direction D1. In some implementations, when each of the LEDarrays 522 and 524 is implemented as a separate LED strip, thearrangement depicted with respect to FIGS. 5A-C may be achieved bysimply wrapping the LED strips around the light guide 510 in oppositedirections.

The LEDs 514 in Groups 1-4 may be coupled to the driver circuit 100, inaccordance with the topology shown in FIG. 1A. More particularly, theLEDs in each of Groups 1-4 may be connected in series to one another.Furthermore, Groups 1-4 may be connected to one another in series, aswell. For example, Group 1 and Group 2 may both be coupled to a firstnode which is located downstream from Group 1 and upstream from Group 2.Group 2 and Group 3 may both be coupled to a second node which islocated downstream from Group 2 and upstream from Group 3. Group 3 andGroup 4 may both be coupled to a third node which is located downstreamfrom Group 3 and upstream from Group 4. Group 4 may also be coupled to afourth node that is located downstream from Group 4.

Moreover, according to the topology shown in FIG. 1A, each of the nodesmay be coupled to a different one of the tap points 19A-D. Moreparticularly, the first node may be coupled to the tap point 19A via afirst electrical path. The second node may be coupled to the tap point19B via a second electrical path. The third node may be coupled to thetap point 19C via a third electrical path. And the fourth node may becoupled to the tap point 19D via a fourth electrical path. By way ofexample, in some implementations, the first, second, third, and fourthelectrical paths may be completely disjoint. Additionally oralternatively, in some implementations, the first, second, third, andfourth electrical paths may be parallel to one another. Statedsuccinctly, in some implementations, Groups 1-4 may be connected todifferent respective tap points of the driver circuit 100 in the samemanner as groups 16A-D.

As noted above, according to the example of FIG. 5A, the LEDs in Groups1, in both of LED arrays 522 and 524, may be coupled to the tap point19A of the driver circuit 100. The LEDs in Groups 2, in both of LEDarrays 522 and 524, may be coupled to the tap point 19B of the drivercircuit 100. The LEDs in Groups 3, in both of LED arrays 522 and 524,are may be coupled to the tap point 19C of the driver circuit 100. Andthe LEDs in Groups 4, in both of LED arrays 522 and 524, may be coupledto the tap point 19D of the driver circuit 100. As a result of thisconnectivity, the LEDs in each of Groups 1-4 may have a differentrespective on-time. For example, the LEDs in each Group 1 may have anon-time of 80%. The LEDs in each Group 2 may have an on-time of 60%. TheLEDs in each Group 3 may have an on-time of 40%. And the LEDs in eachGroup 4 may have an on-time of 20%. As a result of having differentrespective on-times, the light output of each LED group may have adifferent brightness. For example, the light output of Group 1 may havethe highest brightness, the light output of Group 2 may have the secondhighest brightness, the light output of Group 3 may have the thirdhighest brightness, and the light output of Group 4 may have the lowestbrightness.

The LED strip 520 may include sections 542-548. Each section may includeone respective group from the LED array 522 and a different respectivegroup from the LED array 524. For example, section 542 may include theLEDs from Group 1 of the LED array 522 and the LEDs from Group 4 of theLED array 524. Section 544 may include the LEDs from Group 2 of the LEDarray 522 and the LEDs from Group 3 of the LED array 524. Section 546may include the LEDs from Group 3 of the LED array 522 and the LEDs fromGroup 2 of the LED array 524. And finally, section 548 may include theLEDs from Group 4 of the LED array 522 and the LEDs from Group 1 of theLED array 524.

The LED groups in each of the sections 542-548 may balance each otherout to produce a light output having the same average brightness. As canbe readily appreciated, each of the sections 542-548 may have an averageon-time of 50%, as a result of containing two different groups of LEDs.Because the LEDs in each section 542-548 are located adjacently to oneanother, their output may mix inside the light guide 510 to create theappearance that the light output of each of the sections 542-548 has thesame brightness. In other words, because each of the LEDs in each of thesections have the same average on-time, the light output that isproduced by each of the sections 542-548 of the LED strip 520 may appearto have the same or similar brightness.

The light guide 510 may include respective quadrants 532-538. Each ofthe quadrants 532-538 may be edge-coupled to a different section of theLED strip 520. For example, section 542 of the LED strip 520 may beedge-coupled to the outer edge of the quadrant 532. Section 544 of theLED strip 520 may be edge-coupled to the outer edge of the quadrant 534.Section 546 of the LED strip 520 may be edge-coupled to the outer edgeof the quadrant 536. And section 548 of the LED strip 520 may beedge-coupled to the outer edge of the quadrant 538.

FIG. 5C illustrates the appearance of the light fixture 500 when thelight fixture is switched on. As illustrated, the light fixture 500 mayappear to have a substantially uniform brightness across the entiresurface of the light guide 510. As noted above, the appearance ofsubstantially uniform brightness may be the result of each of thesections 542-548 of the LED strip 520 having the same (or similar)average on-time. In the example of FIGS. 5A-C the light guide 510 isshaped as a disk, and each of the quadrants 532-538 is shaped as acircular sector. However, alternative implementations are possible inwhich any of the light guide 510 and the quadrants 532-538 has adifferent shape, such as a rectangular shape for example.

FIG. 6A is a diagram of an example of a light fixture 600, according toaspects of the disclosure. The light fixture 600 may include a lightguide 610 and an LED strip 620. The light guide 610 may be provided withthe same light extraction pattern across the entire surface of the lightguide 610. The LED strip 620 may be edge-coupled to the light guide 610.The LED strip 620 may be electrically coupled to the driver circuit 100(shown in FIG. 1A). The driver circuit 100 may be integrated into thelight fixture 600 or provided separately.

FIG. 6B shows the LED strip 620 in further detail. As illustrated, theLED strip 620 may include an LED array 622 and LED array 624. Each ofthe LED arrays 622 and 624 may include a plurality of LEDs 621. The LEDs621 in each one of the arrays 622 and 644 may be arranged in fourgroups, herein referred to as a “Group 1”, “Group 2”, “Group 3”, and“Group 4.” The group to which each of the LEDs 621 belongs is denoted inFIG. 6B by the numerical identifier that is present adjacently to thedepiction of that LED 621.

The LEDs 621 may be coupled to the driver circuit 100, in accordancewith the topology shown in FIG. 1A. More particularly, the LEDs in eachof Groups 1-4 may be connected in series to one another. Furthermore,Groups 1-4 may be connected to one another in series, as well. Forexample, Group 1 and Group 2 may both be coupled to a first node whichis located downstream from Group 1 and upstream from Group 2. Group 2and Group 3 may both be coupled to a second node which is locateddownstream from Group 2 and upstream from Group 3. Group 3 and Group 4may both be coupled to a third node which is located downstream fromGroup 3 and upstream from Group 4. Group 4 may also be coupled to afourth node that is located downstream from Group 4.

Moreover, according to the topology shown in FIG. 1A, each of the nodesmay be coupled to a different one of the tap points 19A-D. Moreparticularly, the first node may be coupled to the tap point 19A via afirst electrical path. The second node may be coupled to the tap point19B via a second electrical path. The third node may be coupled to thetap point 19C via a third electrical path. And the fourth node may becoupled to the tap point 19D via a fourth electrical path. By way ofexample, in some implementations, the first, second, third, and fourthelectrical paths may be completely disjoint. Additionally oralternatively, in some implementations, the first, second, third, andfourth electrical paths may be parallel to one another. Statedsuccinctly, in some implementations, Groups 1-4 may be connected todifferent respective tap points of the driver circuit 100 in the samemanner as groups 16A-D.

As noted above, in some implementations, the LEDs in Group 1, in both ofthe LED arrays 622 and 624, may be coupled to the tap point. 19A of thedriver circuit 100. The LEDs in Group 2, in both of LED arrays 622 and624, may be coupled to the tap point 19B of the driver circuit 100. TheLEDs in Group 3, in both of LED arrays 622 and 624, may be coupled tothe tap point 19C of the driver circuit 100. And the LEDs in Group 4, inboth of LED arrays 622 and 624, may be coupled may be coupled to the tappoint 19D of the driver circuit 100. As a result of this connectivity,the LEDs in each of Groups 1-4 may have a different respective on-time.For example, the LEDs in Group 1 may have an on-time of 80%. The LEDs inGroup 2 may have an on-time of 60%. The LEDs in Group 3 may have anon-time of 40%. And the LEDs in Group 4 may have an on-time of 20%. As aresult of having different respective on-times, the light output of eachLED group may have a different brightness. For example, the light outputof the LEDs in Group 1 may have the highest brightness, the light outputof the LEDs in Group 2 may have the second highest brightness, the lightoutput of the LEDs Group 3 may have the third highest brightness, andthe light output of the LEDs in Group 4 may have the lowest brightness.

The LED strip 620 may include sections 642-648. Each section may includeone LED from one group and another LED from another group. For example,each section 642 may include LEDs from Groups 1 and 4, respectively.Each section 642 may include LEDs from Groups 2 and 3, respectively.Each section 646 may include LEDs from Groups 3 and 2, respectively. Andeach section 648 may include LEDs from Groups 4 and 1, respectively. Insome implementations, the LEDs in each section may belong to differentones of the LED arrays 622 and 624. Moreover, in some implementations,the LEDs in each section may be contained in the same package. In suchinstances, the LEDs in each section/package may be situated very closeto each other and make use of shared optics. The small distance and theuse of shared optics may further help to blend the output of the LEDs ineach section.

The LEDs in each of the sections 642-648 may balance each other out toproduce a light output having the same average brightness. As can bereadily appreciated, each of the sections 642-648 may have an averageon-time of 50%, as a result of containing LEDs from two different groupsof LEDs. Because the LEDs in each section 642-648 are located adjacentlyto one another, their output may be mixed in the light guide 610 (and/orby shared LED packaging optics) to create the appearance of the lightoutput of each of the sections 642-648 having the same or similarbrightness. In other words, because the sections 642-648 may have thesame average on-time, the light output that is produced by each of thesections 642-648 may appear to have the same or similar brightness.

FIG. 6C illustrates the appearance of the light fixture 600 when thelight fixture is switched on, according to aspects of the disclosure. Asillustrated, the light fixture 600 may appear to have a substantiallyuniform brightness across the entire surface of the light guide 610. Asnoted above, the appearance of substantially uniform brightness may bethe result of each of the sections 642-648 of the LED strip 620 havingthe same (or similar) average on-time. Additionally or alternatively,the appearance of substantially uniform brightness may be the result ofthe LEDs in each of the sections 642-648 being located in closeproximity to one another and/or in the same package.

FIG. 7A is a diagram of an example of a light fixture 700, according toaspects of the disclosure. The fixture 700 may include a light guide 710and an LED strip 720. The light guide 710 may be provided with the samelight extraction pattern across the entire surface of the light guide710. The LED strip 720 may be edge-coupled to the light guide 710. TheLED strip 720 may be electrically coupled to the driver circuit 100(shown in FIG. 1). The driver circuit 100 may be integrated into thefixture 700 or provided separately.

FIG. 7B shows the LED strip 720 in further detail. As illustrated, theLED strip 720 may include a plurality of LEDs 722. The LEDs 722 may bearranged in four groups, herein referred to as a “Group 1”, “Group 2”,“Group 3”, and “Group 4.” The group to which each of the LEDs 722belongs is denoted in FIG. 7B by the numerical identifier that ispresent inside the depiction of that LED 722.

The LEDs 722 may be coupled to the driver circuit 100, in accordancewith the topology shown in FIG. 1A. More particularly, the LEDs in eachof Groups 1-4 may be connected in series to one another. Furthermore,Groups 1-4 may also be connected in series. For example, Group 1 andGroup 2 may both be coupled to a first node which is located downstreamfrom Group 1 and upstream from Group 2. Group 2 and Group 3 may both becoupled to a second node which is located downstream from Group 2 andupstream from Group 3. Group 3 and Group 4 may both be coupled to athird node which is located downstream from Group 3 and upstream fromGroup 4. Group 4 may also be coupled to a fourth node that is locateddownstream from Group 4.

Moreover, according to the topology shown in FIG. 1A, each of the nodesmay be coupled to a different one of the tap points 19A-D. Moreparticularly, the first node may be coupled to the tap point 19A via afirst electrical path. The second node may be coupled to the tap point19B via a second electrical path. The third node may be coupled to thetap point 19C via a third electrical path. And the fourth node may becoupled to the tap point 19D via a fourth electrical path. By way ofexample, in some implementations, the first, second, third, and fourthelectrical paths may be completely disjoint. Additionally oralternatively, in some implementations, the first, second, third, andfourth electrical paths may be parallel to one another. Statedsuccinctly, in some implementations, Groups 1-4 may be connected todifferent respective tap points of the driver circuit 100 in the samemanner as groups 16A-D.

As noted above, the LEDs 722 in Group 1 may be coupled to the tap point19A of the driver circuit 100 and may have an on-time of 80%, as aresult. The LEDs 722 in Group 2 may be coupled to the tap point 19B ofthe driver circuit 100 and may have an on-time of 60%, as a result. TheLEDs 722 in Group 3 may be coupled to the tap point 19C of the drivercircuit 100 and may have an on-time of 40%, as a result. And the LEDs722 in Group 4 may be coupled to the tap point 19D of the driver circuit100 and may have an on-time of 20%, as a result. Consequently, the LEDsin Group 1 may have the highest brightness among the LEDs in Groups 1-4;the LEDs in Group 2 may have the second highest brightness among theLEDs in Groups 1-4; the LEDs in Group 3 may have the third highestbrightness among the LEDs in Groups 1-4; and the LEDs in Group 4 mayhave the lowest brightness among the LEDs in Groups 1-4.

Furthermore, in some implementations, the LEDs from Groups 1-4 may bedistributed unevenly along the length of the LED strip 720. For example,each unit length of the LED strip 720 may include two LEDs from group 1,three LEDs from Group 3, four LEDs from Group 3, and 5 LEDs from Group4. In some implementations, each of Groups 1-4 may include a differentnumber of LEDs. In such instances, the driver circuit 100 may bedesigned such that the voltage range assigned to each of the taps 16A-Dis approximately that of the voltage drop for each of the groups.

FIG. 8A is a diagram of an example of a light fixture 800, according toaspects of the disclosure. The light fixture 800 may include a lightguide 810 and an LED strip 820. The light guide 810 may includequadrants 812-818 may be provided with the same light extraction patternacross the entire surface of the light guide 810. The LED strip 820 maybe edge-coupled to the light guide 810. As shown in FIG. 8B, the LEDstrip 820 may include sections 832-834. Section 832 may be edge-coupledto quadrant 812, section 834 may be edge-coupled to quadrant 814,section 836 may be edge-coupled to quadrant 816, and section 838 may beedge-coupled to quadrant 818. The LED strip 820 may be powered using thedriver circuit 100. The driver circuit 100 may be integrated into thelight fixture 800 or provided separately.

FIG. 8B shows the LED strip 820 in further detail. As illustrated, theLED strip 820 may include a plurality of LEDs 822. The LEDs 822 may bearranged in four groups, herein referred to as a “Group 1”, “Group 2”,“Group 3”, and “Group 4.” The group to which each of the LEDs 822belongs is denoted in FIG. 88B by the numerical identifier that ispresent inside the depiction of that LED 822.

The LEDs 822 may be coupled to the driver circuit 100, in accordancewith the topology shown in FIG. 1A. More particularly, the LEDs 822 ineach of Groups 1-4 may be connected in series to one another.Furthermore, Groups 1-4 may be connected to one another in series, aswell. For example, Group 1 and Group 2 may both be coupled to a firstnode which is located downstream from Group 1 and upstream from Group 2.Group 2 and Group 3 may both be coupled to a second node which islocated downstream from Group 2 and upstream from Group 3. Group 3 andGroup 4 may both be coupled to a third node which is located downstreamfrom Group 3 and upstream from Group 4. Group 4 may also be coupled to afourth node that is located downstream from Group 4.

Moreover, according to this topology, each of the nodes may be coupledto a different one of the tap points 19A-D. More particularly, the firstnode may be coupled to the tap point 19A via a first electrical path.The second node may be coupled to the tap point 19B via a secondelectrical path. The third node may be coupled to the tap point 19C viaa third electrical path. And the fourth node may be coupled to the tappoint 19D via a fourth electrical path. By way of example, in someimplementations, the first, second, third, and fourth electrical pathsmay be completely disjoint. Additionally or alternatively, in someimplementations, the first, second, third, and fourth electrical pathsmay be parallel to one another. Stated succinctly, in someimplementations, Groups 1-4 may be connected to different respective tappoints of the driver circuit 100 in the same manner as groups 16A-D.

As noted above, the LEDs 822 in Group 1 may be coupled to the tap point19A of the driver circuit 100 and may have an on-time of 80%, as aresult. The LEDs 822 in Group 2 may be coupled to the tap point 19B ofthe driver circuit 100 and may have an on-time of 60%, as a result. TheLEDs 822 in Group 3 may be coupled to the tap point 19C of the drivercircuit 100 and may have an on-time of 40%, as a result. And the LEDs822 in Group 4 may be coupled to the tap point 19D of the driver circuit100 and may have an on-time of 20%, as a result. Consequently, the LEDsin Group 1 may have the highest brightness among the LEDs in Groups 1-4;the LEDs in Group 2 may have the second highest brightness among theLEDs in Groups 1-4; the LEDs in Group 3 may have the third highestbrightness among the LEDs in Groups 1-4; and the LEDs in Group 4 mayhave the lowest brightness among the LEDs in Groups 1-4.

In some implementations, Group 1 may include 2 LEDs, Group 2 may include3 LEDs, and Groups 3 and 4 may include 4 LEDs each. Furthermore, in someimplementations, each of the Groups 1-4 may be disposed in a differentsection of the LED strip 820. For example, the LEDs from Group 1 may bedisposed in the section 832. The LEDs from Group 2 may be disposed inthe section 834. The LEDs from Group 3 may be disposed in the section836. And the LEDs from Group 4 may be disposed in the section 838. Insome implementations, as illustrated in FIG. 8B, sections 832-838 mayhave the same length. Additionally or alternatively, in someimplementations, the distance between the LEDs in each section may vary.For example, the LEDs in section 832 may be further apart from oneanother than the LEDs in section 834. The LEDs in section 834 may befurther apart from one another than the LEDs in section 836. And theLEDs in section 836 may be apart by the same distance as the LEDs insection 838.

FIG. 9A is a diagram of an example of a light fixture 900, according toaspects of the disclosure. The fixture 900 may include a light guide 910and an LED strip 920. The light guide 910 may be provided with the samelight extraction pattern across the entire surface of the light guide910. The LED strip 920 may be edge-coupled to the light guide 910. TheLED strip 920 may be electrically coupled to the driver circuit 100(shown in FIG. 1). The driver circuit 100 may be integrated into thefixture 900 or provided separately.

FIG. 9B shows the LED strip 920 in further detail. As illustrated, theLED strip 920 may include a plurality of LEDs 912. The LEDs may bearranged in groups, herein referred to as a “Group 1”, “Group 2”, “Group3”, and “Group 4.” The LEDs in each group may be connected in series toone another. The group to which each of the LEDs 912 belongs is denotedin FIG. 9B by the numerical identifier that is present inside thedepiction of that LED 912.

The LEDs 912 may be coupled to the driver circuit 100, in accordancewith the topology shown in FIG. 1A. More particularly, the LEDs 912 ineach of Groups 1-4 may be connected in series to one another.Furthermore, Groups 1-4 may be connected to one another in series, aswell. For example, Group 1 and Group 2 may both be coupled to a firstnode which is located downstream from Group 1 and upstream from Group 2.Group 2 and Group 3 may both be coupled to a second node which islocated downstream from Group 2 and upstream from Group 3. Group 3 andGroup 4 may both be coupled to a third node which is located downstreamfrom Group 3 and upstream from Group 4. Group 4 may also be coupled to afourth node that is located downstream from Group 4.

Moreover, according to the topology shown in FIG. 1A, each of the nodesmay be coupled to a different one of the tap points 19A-D. Moreparticularly, the first node may be coupled to the tap point 19A via afirst electrical path. The second node may be coupled to the tap point19B via a second electrical path. The third node may be coupled to thetap point 19C via a third electrical path. And the fourth node may becoupled to the tap point 19D via a fourth electrical path. By way ofexample, in some implementations, the first, second, third, and fourthelectrical paths may be completely disjoint. Additionally oralternatively, in some implementations, the first, second, third, andfourth electrical paths may be parallel to one another. Statedsuccinctly, in some implementations, Groups 1-4 may be connected todifferent respective tap points of the driver circuit 100 in the samemanner as groups 16A-D.

As noted above, the LEDs 912 in Group 1 may be coupled to the tap point19A of the driver circuit 100 and may have an on-time of 80%, as aresult. The LEDs 912 in Group 2 may be coupled to the tap point 19B ofthe driver circuit 100 and may have an on-time of 60%, as a result. TheLEDs 912 in Group 3 may be coupled to the tap point 19C of the drivercircuit 100 and may have an on-time of 40%, as a result. And the LEDs912 in Group 4 may be coupled to the tap point 19D of the driver circuit100 and may have an on-time of 20%, as a result. Consequently, the LEDsin Group 1 may have the highest brightness among the LEDs in Groups 1-4,the LEDs in Group 2 may have the second highest brightness among theLEDs in Groups 1-4; the LEDs in Group 3 may have the third highestbrightness among the LEDs in Groups 1-4; and the LEDs in Group 4 mayhave the lowest brightness among the LEDs in Groups 1-4.

In some implementations, Groups 1-4 may include a different number ofLEDs. For example, Group 1 may include 3 LEDs, Group 2 may include 6LEDs, Group 3 may include 9 LEDs and Group 4 may include 12 LEDs.Furthermore, in some implementations, the LED strip 920 may be arrangedin a plurality of sections 930. Each section may include a plurality ofLEDs arranged in rows 932-938. Each if the rows 932-938 may include adifferent number of LEDs. Furthermore, each of the rows 932-938 mayinclude LEDs from a different set of groups. For example, row 932 mayinclude LEDs from Groups 1-4. Row 934 may include LEDs from Groups 2, 3,and 4 only. Row 936 may include LEDs from Groups 3 and 4 only. And row938 may include LEDs from Group 4 only. Although in the present example,the rows 932-938 are part of the same LED strip, alternativeimplementations are possible in which each of rows 932-938 is part of adifferent LED strip. Additionally or alternatively, the rows 932-938 mayeach include a different number of LEDs. For instance, row 932 mayinclude 4 LEDs row 934 may include 3 LEDs, row 936 may include 2 LEDs,and row 938 may include 1 LED.

FIGS. 1A-9B are provided as an example only. The above-described lightguides are shaped as disks and/or thin cylinders. The may have two mainsurfaces (i.e., the bases of the cylinder) and an edge (i.e., the wallof the cylinder that extends between the bases). As used throughout thedisclosure, the phrase “edge-coupled to a light guide,” when used todescribe the coupling between a light guide and an LED or an LED stripshall be understood to refer to any coupling which permits at least someof the light that is emitted by the LED or LED strip to enter the lightguide through one or more edges of the light guide. In someimplementations, but not necessarily, when an LED or LED strip isedge-coupled to a light guide, substantially all light that is emittedby the LED or LED strip may enter the light guide through its edge(s).Additionally or alternatively, in some implementations, but notnecessarily, when an LED or LED strip is edge-coupled to a light guide,the LED or LED strip may be disposed adjacently to the edge(s) of thelight guide such that at least one light emitting surface of the LED orthe LED strip is facing the edge(s) of the light guide. Although in thelight guide in each of the above-described examples has a circularshape, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, anyof the above-described light guides may have a rectangular shape and/orany other shape. The present disclosure is not limited to any shapeand/or dimensions of the light guides disclosed herein.

Although each of the fixtures 500-900 includes a disk-shaped lightguide, alternative implementations are possible in which the light guidein any of the fixtures 500-900 has another shape. For example, the lightguide in any of the fixtures 500-900 may be shaped as a rectangle, aring, a rhombus, a trapezoid, a polygon, etc. Furthermore, although inthe example of FIGS. 5A-C and 8A-C the quadrants are shaped as circularsectors, alternative implementations are possible in which any of thequadrants has another shape, such as a rectangular shape, a trapezoidalshape, a rhomboid shape, a polygonal shape, etc. Furthermore, althoughin the example of FIGS. 5A-C and 8A-C the light guides are divided intoquadrants, alternative implementations are possible in which the lightguides are divided into smaller or larger portions. Those portions maybe arranged in any manner, relative to one another, and/or the lightguide. The present disclosure is thus not limited to any particularshape for the light guide and/or quadrants (or other portions) in any ofthe fixtures 500-900. Furthermore, although in the fixtures 500-900 theLEDs are coupled to the light guide from all sides (e.g., around theentire circumference of the light guide), alternative implementationsare possible in which the LEDs are coupled to at least one and fewerthan all sides of the light guide (e.g., coupled to only two sides of arectangular-shaped light guide or coupled to half of the perimeter of adisk-shaped light guide).

Furthermore, although in the example of the fixtures 500-900 the LEDsare edge-coupled to the fixtures' respective light guides, alternativeimplementations are possible in which one or more LEDs in any of thelight fixtures 500-900 are in-coupled to that fixture's light guide.When an LED is in-coupled to a light guide, that LED may be placed in ahole (e.g., a blind hole or a through hole) that is formed in the lightguide. The hole may be formed in a main surface of the light guide. Themain surface of the light guide may be a surface which is opposite to asurface from which light exits the light guide. Additionally oralternatively, when the LEDs in a light fixture are in-coupled to thefixture's light guide, the LEDs may be concentrated in a particularportion of the light guide or distributed uniformly across the mainsurface of the light guide. Furthermore, in some implementations, one ormore of the LEDs in any of the light fixtures 500-900 may be situatedabove or below the light guide in that light fixture. Stated succinctly,the present disclosure is not limited to any type of coupling betweenthe LEDs and light guides in the light fixtures 500-900.

Furthermore, although in the example of the light fixtures 500-900, theLEDs are mounted on a flexible board (i.e., an LED strip), alternativeimplementations are possible in which the LEDs are mounted on a rigidboard. Additionally or alternatively, further implementations arepossible in which some of the LEDs in any of the light fixtures 500-900are coupled to a flexible board (e.g., an LED strip) while the rest iscoupled to a rigid board. Additionally or alternatively, inimplementations in which the LEDs are in-coupled to a light guide, theLEDs may be mounted on an in-plane rigid board together with the drivercircuit 100. In such instances, the rigid board may be arranged above orbelow the light guide, and it may have the ability to create betterthermals and light output uniformity. In some implementations, thein-plane rigid board may be parallel to any of the light guide's mainsurfaces.

Moreover, in the above-disclosed light fixtures are coupled directly toa driver circuit. However, alternative implementations are possible inwhich the light fixtures are only wired to connect to a driver circuitin accordance with the topology shown in FIG. 1A. In such instances, theLEDs in the light fixtures may be coupled to different pins of aconnector or a wiring harness in a manner that permits the topologyshown in FIG. 1A to be established when the connector and/or wiringharness is plugged into a driver circuit. In other words, the presentdisclosure is not limited to light fixtures that include a built-indriver circuit, and it is intended to encompass implementations in whichthe light fixtures are only wired to connect to a driver circuit that isprovided separately. At least some of the elements discussed withrespect to these figures can be arranged in different order, combined,and/or altogether omitted. It will be understood that the provision ofthe examples described herein, as well as clauses phrased as “such as,”“e.g.”, “including”, “in some aspects,” “in some implementations,” andthe like should not be interpreted as limiting the disclosed subjectmatter to the specific examples.

Having described the invention in detail, those skilled in the art willappreciate that, given the present disclosure, modifications may be madeto the invention without departing from the spirit of the inventiveconcepts described herein. Therefore, it is not intended that the scopeof the invention be limited to the specific embodiments illustrated anddescribed.

What is claimed is:
 1. An illumination system, comprising: a light guidehaving a first portion and a second portion, the first portionconfigured to be illuminated with a first light that has a firstincident brightness, the second portion configured to be illuminatedwith a second light that has a second incident brightness different fromthe first incident brightness, the first portion configured to extract afirst fraction of the first light from the light guide to form firstexiting light that has a first exiting brightness, the second portionconfigured to extract a second fraction of the second light from thelight guide to form second exiting light that has a second exitingbrightness, a ratio of the second exiting brightness to the firstexiting brightness being closer to unity than a ratio of the secondincident brightness to the first incident brightness.
 2. Theillumination system of claim 1, wherein the second exiting brightness issubstantially equal to the first exiting brightness.
 3. The illuminationsystem of claim 1, wherein: the first light, when operational, has afirst operational brightness; and the second light, when operational,has a second operational brightness generally equal to the firstoperational brightness.
 4. The illumination system of claim 1, wherein:the first portion of the light guide has a first density of lightextraction features that are configured to extract the first fraction ofthe first light; and the second portion of the light guide has a seconddensity of light extraction features that are configured to extract thesecond fraction of the second light, the second density differing fromthe first density.
 5. The illumination system of claim 4, wherein thelight extraction features are all substantially the same size and shape.6. The illumination system of claim 1, further comprising: a first groupof light-emitting diodes configured to produce the first light; and asecond group of light-emitting diodes configured to produce the secondlight.
 7. The illumination system of claim 6, further comprising alinear driver configured to: electrically power the first group oflight-emitting diodes with a first electrical signal having a first dutycycle; and electrically power the second group of light-emitting diodeswith a second electrical signal having a second duty cycle, the secondduty cycle differing from the first duty cycle.
 8. The illuminationsystem of claim 7, wherein the linear driver includes: a first tap pointconfigured to generate the first electrical signal; and a second tappoint configured to generate the second electrical signal.
 9. Theillumination system of claim 7, further comprising a driver circuitconfigured to: direct an alternating current into a full bridgerectifier to produce a cyclical waveform; and direct the cyclicalwaveform as an input into the linear driver.
 10. The illumination systemof claim 6, wherein: the light guide is generally planar and circular;the first group of light-emitting diodes are arranged around acircumferential edge of the light guide; the first group oflight-emitting diodes are arranged to direct the first light into thefirst portion of the light guide; the first group of light-emittingdiodes are arranged to propagate the first light in the first portion ofthe light guide generally toward a center of the light guide; the secondgroup of light-emitting diodes are arranged around the circumferentialedge of the light guide; the second group of light-emitting diodes arearranged to direct the second light into the second portion of the lightguide; and the second group of light-emitting diodes are arranged topropagate the second light in the second portion of the light guidegenerally toward the center of the light guide.
 11. The illuminationsystem of claim 10, wherein: the first portion of the light guideextends from the center of the light guide to a first circumferentialportion around the circumferential edge of the light guide; and thesecond portion of the light guide extends from the center of the lightguide to a second circumferential portion around the circumferentialedge of the light guide.
 12. The illumination system of claim 1,wherein: the light guide has a third portion and a fourth portion; thethird portion is configured to be illuminated with a third light thathas a third incident brightness different from the first incidentbrightness and the second incident brightness; the fourth portion isconfigured to be illuminated with a fourth light that has a fourthincident brightness different from the first incident brightness, thesecond incident brightness, and the third incident brightness; the thirdportion is configured to extract a third fraction of the third lightfrom the light guide to form third exiting light that has a thirdexiting brightness; and the fourth portion is configured to extract afourth fraction of the fourth light from the light guide to form fourthexiting light that has a fourth exiting brightness;
 13. The illuminationsystem of claim 12, wherein: a ratio of the fourth exiting brightness tothe first exiting brightness is closer to unity than a ratio of thefourth incident brightness to the first incident brightness; a ratio ofthe fourth exiting brightness to the second exiting brightness is closerto unity than a ratio of the fourth incident brightness to the secondincident brightness; a ratio of the fourth exiting brightness to thethird exiting brightness is closer to unity than a ratio of the fourthincident brightness to the third incident brightness; a ratio of thethird exiting brightness to the second exiting brightness is closer tounity than a ratio of the third incident brightness to the secondincident brightness; and a ratio of the third exiting brightness to thefirst exiting brightness is closer to unity than a ratio of the thirdincident brightness to the first incident brightness;
 14. Anillumination system, comprising: a light guide having a first portionand a second portion, the first portion configured to be illuminatedwith a first light that has a first duty cycle and a first incidentbrightness, the second portion configured to be illuminated with asecond light that has a second duty cycle different from the first dutycycle and has a second incident brightness, the first portion of thelight guide having a first density of light extraction features that areconfigured to configured to extract a first portion of the first lightto form first output light that has a first exiting brightness, thesecond portion of the light guide having a second density of lightextraction features that are configured to configured to extract asecond portion of the second light to form second output light that hasa second exiting brightness, a ratio of the second exiting brightness tothe first exiting brightness being closer to unity than a ratio of thesecond incident brightness to the first incident brightness.
 15. Theillumination system of claim 14, wherein the second exiting brightnessis substantially equal to the first exiting brightness.
 16. Theillumination system of claim 14, wherein: the first light, whenoperational, has a first operational brightness; and the second light,when operational, has a second operational brightness generally equal tothe first operational brightness.
 17. The illumination system of claim14, further comprising: a first group of light-emitting diodesconfigured to produce the first light; and a second group oflight-emitting diodes configured to produce the second light.
 18. Theillumination system of claim 17, further comprising a linear driver, thelinear driver including a first tap point configured to generate a firstelectrical signal having a first duty cycle, the linear driverconfigured to electrically power the first group of light-emittingdiodes with the first electrical signal, the linear driver including asecond tap point configured to generate a second electrical signalhaving a second duty cycle different from the first duty cycle, thelinear driver configured to electrically power the second group oflight-emitting diodes with the second electrical signal.
 19. Theillumination system of claim 18, further comprising a driver circuitconfigured to: direct an alternating current into a full bridgerectifier to produce a cyclical waveform; and direct the cyclicalwaveform as an input into the linear driver.
 20. A light fixture,comprising: a driver circuit configured to direct an alternating currentinto a full bridge rectifier to produce a cyclical waveform; a lineardriver configured to receive the cyclical waveform, the linear driverincluding a first tap point configured to generate a first electricalsignal having a first duty cycle, the linear driver including a secondtap point configured to generate a second electrical signal having asecond duty cycle different from the first duty cycle; a first group oflight-emitting diodes configured to be electrically powered from thefirst electrical signal and produce a first light; a second group oflight-emitting diodes configured to be electrically powered from thesecond electrical signal and produce a second light; and a light guidehaving a first portion configured to be illuminated with the first lightand a second portion configured to be illuminated with the second light,the first portion of the light guide having a first density of lightextraction features that are configured to extract a first fraction ofthe first light, the second portion of the light guide having a seconddensity of light extraction features that are configured to extract asecond fraction of the second light, the second density differing fromthe first density.